Trigonometry Series - Concepts and Formulas™
Parametric Representations of Curves and Polar Coordinates (TRG-CF9)

This sheet provides a comprehensive review of all of the most important topics, concepts and formulas covering using parametric equations ro represent curves and polar coordinates. Each concept is explained in detail, with detailed illustrations. Unlike charts and notes, this Concepts and Formulas™ sheet answers questions about how to use the concepts - how to actually solve problems with them, it doesn't just list facts and formulas. There is even an example, or two, for each concept, to help you to nail down the central ideas.

Topics Covered:

• Parametric equations of a curve
• General parametric equations for lines
• General parametric equations for parabolas
• General parametric equations for circles
• General parametric equations for ellipses
• General parametric equations for cycloids
• Polar coordinate systems
• The polar origin
• Directed distances and angles
• The relationship between polar and rectangular coordinates
• How to convert points between polar and rectangular coordinates
• Polar equations
• How to convert equations between polar and rectangular coordinates
• Graphing polar equations
• Symmetries of polar graphs
• General polar equations of lines
• General polar equations of parabolas
• General polar equations of circles
• General polar equations of hyperbolas
• General polar equations of cardioids
• General polar equations of limaçons
• General polar equations of roses
• General polar equations of spirals